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In recent years, Colombia has found several innovative ways to improve the efficiency of its public enterprise sector. One option used by Colombia to reform public enterprises has been to enhance their commercial orientation and limit the fiscal risk. If a public enterprise is considered commercially run, it could be removed from the country’s fiscal indicators and targets. This paper presents the IMF staff’s evaluation of these two enterprises. It also discusses the commercial orientation and fiscal risk of Isagen and Ecopetrol, respectively.

Banks and Banking --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Financial services law & regulation --- Monetary economics --- Investment & securities --- Real exchange rates --- Hedging --- Currencies --- Exchange rate risk --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Prices --- Money --- Financial risk management --- Government business enterprises --- Colombia

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The report highlights the IMF projections and estimates of St. Lucia's basic data indicators, its GDP by economic activity at constant and current factor cost, selected data on the banana industry, operations of the central government, operations of the consolidated public sector, monetary survey, summary operations of the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank, consolidated accounts of the commercial banks, structure of public debt 1999/2000–2004/05, selected tourism statistics, direction of trade, imports and prices of petroleum products, merchandise trade volumes, unit values, terms of trade, imports by SITC category, etc.

Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Investments: Commodities --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- Trade: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- Agriculture: General --- Civil service & public sector --- International economics --- Banking --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- Investment & securities --- Public sector --- Exports --- Public enterprises --- Commercial banks --- Economic sectors --- International trade --- Agricultural commodities --- Commodities --- Financial institutions --- Finance, Public --- Banks and banking --- Government business enterprises --- Farm produce --- St. Lucia

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This paper assesses the scope and coverage of quasi-fiscal activities (QFAs) in Ghana. We find that while QFAs have been reduced recently, they remain significant. The extensive nature of these activities has several macroeconomic and structural policy implications. An extended measure of public sector operations, including QFAs, presents a clearer picture of Ghana's fiscal stance and fiscal adjustment from one for the central government alone; QFAs have led to serious distortions in energy and water consumption; and they have distorted the investment decisions of both public enterprises and the private sector.

Electronic books. -- local. --- Finance, Public -- Ghana. --- Fiscal policy -- Ghana. --- Government business enterprises -- Ghana. --- Fiscal policy --- Finance, Public --- Government business enterprises --- Nationalized companies --- Parastatals --- Public enterprises --- State-owned enterprises --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Government policy --- Business enterprises --- Currency question --- Economic policy --- Public finances --- Banks and Banking --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- Banking --- Civil service & public sector --- Public finance & taxation --- Quasi-fiscal operations --- Public sector --- Contingent liabilities --- Banks and banking --- Ghana

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The staff paper for the Third Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement on Paraguay focuses on the macroeconomic framework and medium-term scenario, risks, and capacity to repay the IMF. There have been delays in implementing some structural measures, especially related to the approval of banking legislation, owing to a shift in the political environment and congressional delays. Macroeconomic performance has been better than envisaged under the program. The authorities have adopted a new strategy involving a two-stage approach that they believe is politically feasible to achieve but will require more time to implement.

Monetary policy --- Fiscal policy --- Foreign exchange rates --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Foreign exchange --- Rates of exchange --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Monetary management --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Rates --- Government policy --- Paraguay --- Economic conditions. --- Banks and Banking --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Banking --- Public Finance --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Banking law --- Civil service & public sector --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- Public finance & taxation --- Bank legislation --- Public sector --- State-owned banks --- Bank deposits --- Financial institutions --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Economic sectors --- Public debt --- Public enterprises --- Banks and banking --- Financial services industry --- Law and legislation --- Government business enterprises --- Prices --- Debts, Public

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This report provides an assessment of fiscal transparency practices in Greece in relation to the requirements of the IMF Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency. The assessment reveals that Greece has made progress, in recent years, in meeting the requirements of the fiscal transparency code. This has been most marked in the area of public availability of information, with increased publications and use of the Internet. At the central government level, Greek budget processes give assurances of integrity about fiscal data through independent audit and recently strengthened statistical reporting.

Fiscal policy --- Financial statements --- Balance sheets --- Corporate financial statements --- Earnings statements --- Financial reports --- Income statements --- Operating statements --- Profit and loss statements --- Statements, Financial --- Accounting --- Bookkeeping --- Business records --- Corporation reports --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- International Monetary Fund --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Budgeting --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- Budgeting & financial management --- Public finance & taxation --- Public finance accounting --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- Budget planning and preparation --- Expenditure --- Fiscal accounting and reporting --- Budget execution and treasury management --- Public enterprises --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Economic sectors --- Budget --- Expenditures, Public --- Government business enterprises --- Greece